One of the most important eras in the history of India is the span of the Mughal Empire. Who were the Mughals? They were the last of the most powerful descendants of the Mongols. They were descendants of the Mongols in Turkestan.
The Mughals adopted Islam, and absorbed the Middle Eastern culture (especially Persian).
It is interesting to note that while the Mughals brought the widespread of Islam in India, yet they were not the ones to introduce this religion to the nation. It was the Muslim forces, which brought their religions as far back as the 7th century AD.
Babur is regarded as the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India. His rule extended from 1483 to 1530. He originally ruled over Turkestan, as small kingdom, from where he extended his supremacy to Kabul in 1504. It was after this that he moved into India and established his kingdom extending from Turkestan to Deccan India.
Humayun, Babur’s son, took over the Mughal throne. Initially, he lost most of his father’s empire, but in 1555 he began regaining all that he lost. Though as a ruler and invader he was successful, yet his affinity towards the Persian culture grew by leaps and bounds, which he instilled in his son and successor to the Mughal throne – Akbar.
Mughal Indian history saw a turning point with Akbar. He is considered to be the greatest king of the history of India. He ascended at the young and raw age of thirteen. Akbar ruled and expanded his kingdom from 1556 to 1605, by which time he was ruling over almost all of north India.
Akbar was then succeeded by his son Jahangir. His reign was dated from 1605 to 1628. He did not really expand the Mughal Empire too much, only reaching till Bengal in East India. Jahangir spent more time in patronizing the arts, rather than indulging in rigorous invasions and conquests. However, his tenure as ruler is regarded as the richest era of Mughal culture in India.
Shah Jahan succeeded his father, Jahangir, to the Mughal throne. He had shifted the Mughal capital from Agra to Delhi. He also began some of the greatest architectural projects in north India. The most magnificent of them being the Taj Mahal in Agra… A tribute to his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
Shah Jahan was succeeded by his son Aurangzeb, who expanded the Mughal Empire to its maximum limits ever. However, while Aurangzeb went on expanding his empire, it was also during his reign that the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate.
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